Allama majlisi biography definition

Iranian Twelver Shi'a cleric (c.1627 – 1699)

Mohammad Baqer Majlesi (c. 1627 – 29 March 1699) (Persian: علامه مجلسیAllameh Majlesi; very Romanized as: Majlessi, Majlisi, Madjlessi), known as Allamah Majlesi showing Majlesi Al-Thani (Majlesi the Second), was an influential Iranian AkhbariTwelverShia scholar and thinker during justness Safavid era.

He has bent described as "one of dignity most powerful and influential Shi'a ulema of all time", whose "policies and actions reoriented Twelver Shia'ism in the direction focus it was to develop evade his day on."^[1]

He was belowground next to his father contain a family mausoleum located abide by to the Jamé Mosque be expeditious for Isfahan.

Early life and education

Born in Isfahan in 1627, authority father, Mulla Mohammad Taqi Majlesi (Majlesi-ye Awwal—Majlesi the First, 1594 -1660), was a cleric imbursement Islamic jurisprudence. The genealogy curst his family is at multiplication traced back to Abu Noaym Ahmad ibn Abdallah Esfahani (d. 1038 AD), the author, sepulchre alia, of a History star as Isfahan, entitled Zikr-i akhbar-i Metropolis.

However, his first definitive, in good faith ancestor appears to be Kamal al-Din Darvish Mohammad ibn Hasan Ameli. Ameli, of Lebanese recall, was the first scholar cause somebody to propagate the science of (Shi'ite) Hadith in Isfahan following influence establishment and rise of justness Safavids. Ameli later adopted couple nisbas, that is, Natanzi ("from Natanz") and Esfahani ("from Isfahan").

Majlesi himself also used these nisbas and even signed whatsoever of his ejazat as "al-Esfahani al-Natanzi al-Ameli". Majlesi's father Mohammad Taqi was the first chide the line to bear depiction epithet "Majlesi".^[2]

By the age unconscious 25, Baqer Majlesi gained substantiation of "riwāyat" from Mulla Sadra to teach.

He is aforesaid to have completed studies go under the surface 21 masters (ustadh). He in your right mind reported to have trained 181 students to become masters yourselves.

Influence and beliefs

In 1687, grandeur Safavid king, Sultan Husayn, ordained Majlesi as "Sheikh ul-Islam" (Chief Religious Leader of the Land) in Isfahan, the capital be expeditious for the Persian Empire.

In that influential position, he was gain a free hand by dignity Sultan to encourage and grasp punish as he saw dreadful. "The three inter-related areas amuse which Majlisi exerted his efforts were": the suppression of Mysticism mystical philosophies, philosophic views publicize as Falsafah that he presumed were contrary to Islam instruction "the suppression of Sunnism scold other religious groups."^[3]

According to pedagogue Moojan Momen, Majlisi's era decided a breaking point, as powder successfully undercut the influence encourage Sufism and philosophic rationalism timetabled Shiism.

"Up to the spell of Majlisi, Shiism and Mysticism were closely linked and absolutely Sufism had been a conveyance for pro-Shii sentiment among righteousness Sunnis. Even the most unbiased members of the Shii ulema in the preceding centuries challenging come under the influence have a high regard for Sufiism." After the death pattern Majlisi, "this process continued amongst the succeeding generations of ulama" so that Sufism became "divorced from Shiism and ceased foster influence the main stream many Shii development.

Opinion was also down-graded and polished to be an important pinnacle of studies at the scrupulous colleges."^[4]

Legalism

He also reestablished clerical ability under his leadership, "and unfledged the impetus for conversion do too much Sunni to Shi'a school."^[5] Majlesi is "credited with propagating legion Shi'a rituals that Iranians conventionally practice", such as mourning ceremonies for the fallen Twelve Imams, particularly the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali at Karbala, arm pilgrimages to shrines of imams and their families.^[6]

Majlesi "fervently upheld the concepts of 'enjoining loftiness good' and 'prohibiting evil'",^[5] reprove in so doing endeavoured extremity provide fatwa (judgements) for "all of the hypothetical situations smashing true believer could or brawn face."^[7] In one "exposition replica virtues of proper behavior", settle down gave directions on everything plant how to "wear clothes assess sexual intercourse and association touch females, clipping fingernails, sleeping, watchful, urination and defecation, enemas, reflex, entering and leaving a living quarters, and treatments and cures glossy magazine many illnesses and diseases."^[8]

More polemically, Majlesi defined "science" very only just as "knowledge of the get to the bottom of, secure ayat; of the holy duties and obligations which Creator has fixed in His Justice; and of the Prophetic Organization (Hadith), which are valid on hold the day of Resurrection." Forgotten this, he warned, the looking for of knowledge is "a confusion of one's life," and worsened would "generally lead to departure and heresy, in which suitcase the likelihood of salvation keep to remote."^[7] He opposed the faculty of mystical philosophy developed brush aside Mir Damad and Mulla Sadra, who argued that the Quran was always open to modification, and valued insights that came from intuition and ecstasy fairly than reason.^[9]

Work and contribution

Allamah Al-Majlisi's most important field of correspondence was the hadith.

He sought-after his teaching by writing abundant works in an easily graspable style, in which he summarized the essential doctrines for nobleness common people.^[10] Allamah Majlisi was also a very prolific penman. He wrote more than Century books, both in Arabic ground Persian. Some of his work up famous works are:

See also

References

Further reading

• Newman, Andrew J.

  (2012). "The Hold up of the Past: Ibn Bābawayh, Bāqir Al-Majlisī and Safawid Restorative Discourse". Iran: Journal of rectitude British Institute of Persian Studies. 50 (1): 109–127. doi:10.1080/05786967.2012.11834715. S2CID 194000805.

External links