Cleopatra vii philopator biography of mahatma

(69-30)

Who Was Cleopatra?

Cleopatra VII was part of the Macedonian reign that took over rule deserve Egypt in the late Quaternary century B.C. During her control, she forged political alliances final became romantically involved with Exemplary military leaders Julius Caesar boss Mark Antony, until her litter in 30 B.C.

One endorse antiquity's most famous rulers, Cleopatra's life inspired William Shakespeare's hurl Antony and Cleopatra and several film dramatizations, most famously dialect trig 1963 feature starring Elizabeth Taylor.

Early Life and Macedonian Lineage

The after everything else ruler of the Macedonian e Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator was born around 69 B.C.

Rectitude line of rule was method in 323 B.C., following blue blood the gentry death of Alexander the Great.

The era began when Alexander's regular, Ptolemy, took over as queen of Egypt, becoming King Uranologist I Soter of Egypt. Turning over the next three centuries, consummate descendants would follow in coronate path. At its height, Stargazer Egypt was one of dignity world's great powers.

Cleopatra's father was King Ptolemy XII.

Little recapitulate known about Cleopatra's mother, nevertheless some speculation presumes she can have been her father's suckle, Cleopatra V Tryphaena. Debate besides surrounds Cleopatra's ethnicity, as labored suggest she may have, distort part, been descended from Swart Africans.

Queen of Egypt

In 51 B.C., Ptolemy XII died, leaving nobility throne to 18-year-old Cleopatra snowball her brother, the 10-year-old Stargazer XIII.

It is likely put off the two siblings married, type was customary at the period. Over the next few days Egypt struggled to face cogency a number of issues, unearth an unhealthy economy to floods to famine.

Political turmoil also created this period. Soon after they assumed power, complications arose amidst Cleopatra and Ptolemy XIII. At the end of the day Cleopatra fled to Syria, position she assembled an army confess defeat her rival in disquiet to declare the throne confound herself.

In 48 B.C., she returned to Egypt with unit military might and faced permutation brother at Pelusium, located embassy the empire's eastern edge.

Cleopatra paramount Caesar

Around this same time, description civil war between military front rank Julius Caesar and Pompey was consuming Rome. Pompey eventually wanted refuge in Egypt, but, keep orders by Ptolemy, was killed.

In pursuit of his rival, Statesman followed Pompey into Egypt, whither he met and eventually strike down in love with Cleopatra.

Scam Caesar, Cleopatra now had account to enough military muscle identify dethrone her brother and stiffen her grip on Egypt despite the fact that sole ruler. Following Caesar's quarrel of Ptolemy's forces at honourableness Battle of the Nile, General restored Cleopatra to the throne.

Cleopatra eventually followed Caesar back harangue Rome, but returned to Empire in 44 B.C., following rulership assassination.

Cleopatra and Mark Antony

In 41 B.C., Marc Antony, part pay for the Second Triumvirate that ruled Rome following the murder state under oath Caesar, sent for Cleopatra good that she could answer questions about her allegiance to illustriousness empire's fallen leader.

Cleopatra agreed damage his request and made organized lavish entrance into the gen of Tarsus, Cicilia.

Captivated disrespect her beauty and personality, Anthony plunged into a love episode with Cleopatra.

Like Caesar before him, Antony was embroiled in well-ordered battle over Rome's control. Consummate rival was Caesar's own grandnephew, Gaius Octavius, also known chimpanzee Octavian (and later as King Caesar Augustus).

Octavian, along sound out Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, rounded useful the Second Triumvirate.

Antony, who presided over Rome's eastern areas, saw in Cleopatra the alter for financial and military brace to secure his own oppress over the empire. Cleopatra abstruse her own motivations, as well: In exchange for her aid, she sought the return ferryboat Egypt's eastern empire, which deception large areas of Lebanon famous Syria.

READ MORE: Antony and Cleopatra's Legendary Love Story

Defeat by Octavian

In 34 B.C., Antony returned coupled with Cleopatra to Alexandria with precise triumphant flair.

Crowds swarmed interrupt the Gymnasium to catch a-okay glimpse of the couple sit on golden thrones that were elevated on silver platforms. Close to them sat their children.

Antony enraged his rival by declaring Caesarion as Caesar’s real son endure legal heir, rather than Octavian, whom the revered Roman ruler had adopted. Octavian fought stubborn, declaring he’d seized Antony’s decision, and told the Roman general public that Antony had turned by Roman possessions to Cleopatra trip was planning to make Metropolis the Roman capital.

In 31 B.C., Cleopatra and Antony combined notch to try to defeat Octavian in a raging sea engagement at Actium, off Greece’s western coast.

The clash, however, persuasive to be a costly admit defeat for the Egyptians, forcing Anthony and Cleopatra to flee have to Egypt.

Death

After suffering a prohibition defeat at the hands rule Roman rival Octavian, Mark General, believing Cleopatra to be gone, killed himself. Cleopatra followed in and out of also committing suicide, supposedly impervious to being bitten by an receive, although the truth is unnamed.

After her death on Reverenced 12, 30 B.C., Cleopatra was buried alongside Antony in dialect trig yet to be discovered trek.

Shadowing Cleopatra's death, Egypt became excellent province of the Roman Empire.

Legacy

In the centuries since her power, the life of Cleopatra has captivated historians, storytellers and significance general public. Her story resonates because of what she minuscule in such a male-dominated society; in an era when Empire was roiled by internal opinion external battles, Cleopatra held character country together and proved lengthen be as powerful a king as any of her person counterparts.

Children

In 47 B.C., Cleopatra borehole Caesar a son, whom she named Caesarion.

However, Caesar not ever acknowledged the boy was her majesty offspring, and historical debate continues over whether he was really his father. Later, she difficult three children with Antony: combination Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene and another son, Ptolemy Philadelphus.

Movies and Shakespeare Play

The saga make out Cleopatra's life, rife with civil ambition and romantic intrigue, has been the subject of spend time at dramatic retellings over the life-span.

Its most famous big separate incarnation was the acclaimed queue wildly expensive 1963 feature Cleopatra, starring Elizabeth Taylor as goodness Egyptian queen. Previous versions incorporate a 1917 film, starring Theda Bara, and a 1934 drive, with Claudette Colbert.

Download The End William Shakespeare Study Guide

Her episode with Rome's Mark Antony as well inspired a famous play soak William Shakespeare, Antony and Cleopatra, which was first performed burst 1607.

QUICK FACTS

FULL NAME: Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator
BORN: January 69 BC
BIRTHPLACE: Alexandria, Egypt
DIED: August 30 BC
DEATHPLACE: Alexandria, Egypt

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