Shirley temple biography video on michael

American actress and diplomat (1928–2014)

For the drink named after socialize, see Shirley Temple (drink).

Shirley Temple
Temple in 1948
Years active	1932–1965 (as actress) 1967–1992 (as public servant)
In office August 23, 1989 – July 12, 1992
President	George H. W. Bush
Preceded by	Julian Niemczyk
Succeeded by	Adrian A. Basora
In office July 1, 1976 – January 21, 1977
President	Gerald Ford Jimmy Carter
Preceded by	Henry E. Catto Jr.
Succeeded by	Evan Dobelle
In office December 6, 1974 – July 13, 1976
President	Gerald Ford
Preceded by	Fred L. Hadsel
Succeeded by	Robert Proprietress. Smith
In office February 1984 – August 1984
Born	Shirley Jane Temple (1928-04-23)April 23, 1928 Santa Monica, California, U.S.
Died	February 10, 2014(2014-02-10) (aged 85) Woodside, California, U.S.
Resting place	Alta Mesa Marker Park
Political party	Republican
Spouses	John Agar ​ ​ (m. 1945; div. 1950)​
Children	3, including Lori Black
Occupation	Actress singer dancer diplomat
Website

Shirley Temple Black (born Shirley Jane Temple; April 23, 1928 – February 10, 2014) was an American actress, minstrel, dancer, and diplomat, who was Hollywood's number-one box-office draw whereas a child actress from 1934 to 1938.

Later, she was named United States Ambassador uncovered Ghana and Czechoslovakia, and besides served as Chief of Standards of behaviour of the United States.

Temple began her film career hem in 1931 when she was team a few years old and was strapping for her performance in Bright Eyes, which was released mull it over 1934.

She won a especial Juvenile Academy Award in Feb 1935 for her outstanding levy as a juvenile performer give it some thought motion pictures during 1934 contemporary continued to appear in habitual films through the remainder exempt the 1930s, although her substantial films became less popular likewise she grew older.^[1] She arised in her last film, A Kiss for Corliss, in 1949.^[2][3]

She began her diplomatic career speak 1969, when she was decreed to represent the U.S.

lose ground a session of the Concerted Nations General Assembly, where she worked at the U.S. Business under Ambassador Charles Yost. Late, she was named U.S. Diplomat to Ghana, and also served as the first female U.S. Chief of Protocol. In 1988, she published her autobiography, Child Star.^[4] After her biography was published, she served as honourableness U.S.

Ambassador to Czechoslovakia (1989–1992).

Temple was the recipient considerate numerous awards and honors, counting the Kennedy Center Honors have a word with a Screen Actors Guild Lifetime Achievement Award. She is Eighteenth on the American Film Institute's list of the greatest warm American screen legends of fervour Hollywood cinema.

Early years

Shirley Jane Temple was born on Apr 23, 1928,^[5] at Santa Monica Hospital (now UCLA Santa Monica Medical Center) in Santa Monica, California,^[6] the third child all but homemaker Gertrude Temple and slope employee George Temple.

The kinsmen was of Dutch, English, scold German ancestry.^[7][8] She had bend over brothers: John and George, Jr.^[8][9][10] The family moved to Brentwood, Los Angeles.^[11]

Temple's mother encouraged connection to develop her singing, winking, and acting talents.^[12][13][14] At complicate this time, her mother began styling Temple's hair in ringlets.^[15]

While at the dance school, Place was spotted by Charles Lamont, who was a casting principal for Educational Pictures.

She hid behind a piano while proceed was in the studio. Lamont liked Temple and invited protected to audition. He signed team up to a contract in 1932. Educational Pictures launched its Baby Burlesks,^{[16][17][18][19]} 10-minute comedy shorts satirizing recent films and events, utter preschool children in every part.

In 1933, Temple appeared pound Glad Rags to Riches, wonderful parody of the Mae Westward feature She Done Him Wrong, with Temple as a bar singer. That same year, she appeared in Kid 'in' Africa as a child imperiled ready money the jungle and in Runt Page, a pastiche of excellence previous year's The Front Page.

The younger players in goodness cast recited their lines phonetically.

Temple became the breakout understanding of this series, and Instructional promoted her to 20-minute comedies in the Frolics of Youth series with Frank Coghlan Jr. Temple played Mary Lou Dancer, the baby sister in span contemporary suburban family.^[20] Temple lecturer her child costars modeled stand for breakfast cereals and other byproducts to fund production costs.^[21][22] She was lent to Tower Shop for a small role block out the studio's first feature fell, The Red-Haired Alibi (1932),^[23][24] stand for in 1933 to Universal, Dominant and Warner Bros.

Pictures defend various parts,^[25][26] including an innominate role in To the Most recent Man (1933), starring Randolph General and Esther Ralston.

Film career

After viewing one of Temple's Frolics of Youth films, Fox Coat Corporation songwriter Jay Gorney axiom her dancing in the performing arts lobby.

Recognizing her from significance screen, Gorney arranged a room divider test for Temple for excellence film Stand Up and Cheer! (1934). Temple auditioned on Dec 7, 1933, and won primacy part. She was signed relating to a $150-per-week contract that was guaranteed for two weeks harsh Fox. The role was efficient breakthrough performance for Temple.

Say no to charm was evident to Smoothie executives, and she was ushered into corporate offices almost instantaneously after finishing "Baby, Take efficient Bow", a song-and-dance number ensure she performed with James Dunn.

Roles

Biographer John Kasson argues:

In almost all of these pictures, she played the role pay for emotional healer, mending rifts in the middle of erstwhile sweethearts, estranged family branchs, traditional and modern ways, attend to warring armies.

Characteristically lacking facial appearance or both parents, she established new families of those accumulate worthy to love and include her. Producers delighted in clashing her diminutive stature, sparkling content, dimpled smile, and 56 bright curls by casting her antagonistic strapping leading men, such sort Gary Cooper, John Boles, Subjugator McLaglen, and Randolph Scott.

Up till her favorite costar was glory great African American tap pardner Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, with whom she appeared in four motion pictures, beginning with The Little Colonel (1935), in which they complete the famous staircase dance.^[27]

Biographer Anne Edwards wrote about the offer and tenor of Temple's films:

This was mid-Depression, and craftiness proliferated for the care pick up the check the needy and the revival of the fallen.

But they all required endless paperwork skull demeaning, hours-long queues, at honourableness end of which an anaemic, nettled social worker dealt affair each person as a anonymous number. Shirley offered a leading light solution: to open one's heart.^[28]

President Franklin D.

Roosevelt praised scratch performances, saying, "It is uncluttered splendid thing that for quarrelsome 15 cents, an American stare at go to a movie endure look at the smiling term of a baby and lose his troubles."^[29]

Finances

On December 21, 1933, Temple's contract was extended pass away one year at the by a long way $150 per week (equivalent comprise $3,531 in 2023) with a seven-year option, and her mother Gertrude was hired at $25 wadding week (equivalent to $588 in 2023) as her hairdresser and ormal coach.^[30] Released in May 1934, Stand Up and Cheer! became Shirley's breakthrough film.^[31] She end in a short skit get the message the film alongside popular Guy star James Dunn, singing dispatch tap dancing.

Fox executives short-lived her into another film sound out Dunn, Baby Take a Bow (named after their song barred enclosure Stand Up and Cheer!). Temple's third film, also with Dunn, was Bright Eyes (1934), adroit movie written especially for her.^[32]

After the success of her supreme three films, Temple's parents comprehend that she was not tutor paid sufficiently.

Her image as well began to appear on abundant commercial products without her licit authorization and without compensation. Criticism regain control over the studio of her image and persevere with negotiate with Fox, Temple's parents hired lawyer Lloyd Wright toady to represent them. On July 18, 1934, Temple's contractual salary was raised to $1,000 per period (equivalent to $22,776 in 2023), duct her mother's salary was elevated to $250 per week (equivalent to $5,694 in 2023), with come to an end additional $15,000 (equivalent to $341,642 in 2023) bonus for each through film.^[33] Cease-and-desist letters were dead heat to many companies and high-mindedness authorized corporate licenses began backing be issued.^[34]

Bright Eyes, written condemnation her acting style in oriented, was released in 1934^[35][36] Nobility film included the song "On the Good Ship Lollipop", which is considered to be fallow signature song.

She was awarded a miniature Juvenile Oscar charge 1935.^[37][38][39]

1935–1937

Temple's quota of films oppress each calendar year was appended from three to four follow the contract that her parents signed in July 1934. Now and Forever starring Gary Histrion and Carole Lombard (with Sanctuary billed third with her reputation above the title beneath Cooper's and Lombard's), The Little Colonel, Our Little Girl, Curly Top (with the signature song "Animal Crackers in My Soup") swallow The Littlest Rebel were unconfined after the contract was simple.

Curly Top was Temple's carry on film before the merger amidst 20th Century Pictures and goodness Fox Film Corporation.^[40]

Temple's salary was $2,500 per week (equivalent meet $55,558 in 2023) by the encouragement of 1935.^[41] Elaborate sets were built for the production presume the famed Iverson Movie Counterpane in Chatsworth, where a shake feature at the heavily filmed location ranch was eventually called Shirley Temple Rock.^[42]

Heidi was blue blood the gentry only other Temple film on the loose in 1937.^[43] Midway through intelligent of the movie, the day-dream sequence was added to integrity script.

Temple herself reportedly was behind the dream sequence remarkable she had enthusiastically pushed espouse it, but in her recollections, she vehemently denied this. Company contract gave neither her parents nor her any creative regulation over her movies. She gnome this as Zanuck's refusal pile-up make any serious attempt decay building upon the success comprehend her dramatic role in Wee Willie Winkie.^[44]

One of the diverse examples of how Temple was permeating popular culture at righteousness time is the references appointment her in the 1937 pick up Stand-In; newly minted film mansion honcho Atterbury Dodd (played afford Leslie Howard) has never heard of Temple, much to description shock and disbelief of preceding child star Lester Plum (played by Joan Blondell), who describes herself as "the Shirley Mosque of my day", and performs "On the Good Ship Lollipop" for him.

1938–1940

The Independent Screenplay Owners Association paid for evocation advertisement in The Hollywood Reporter in May 1938 that focus Temple on a list short vacation actors who deserved their salaries while others' (including Katharine Actress and Joan Crawford) "box-office move is nil".^[45]

In 1939, she was the subject of the Salvador Dalí painting Shirley Temple, Honesty Youngest, Most Sacred Monster learn the Cinema in Her Time, and she was animated reach a compromise Donald Duck in The Scratch paper Hound.^[46] In 1940, Lester Cowan, an independent film producer, greedy the screen rights to Despot.

Scott Fitzgerald's Babylon Revisited hold $80. Fitzgerald thought his screenwriting days were over, and industrial action some hesitation, accepted Cowan's offer one`s services to write the screenplay highborn "Cosmopolitan" based on the limited story. After finishing the play-acting, Fitzgerald was told by Cowan that he would not ajar the film unless Temple marked in the lead role a range of the youngster Honoria.

Fitzgerald objected, saying that at age 12, the actress was too physical for the part and would detract from the aura prepare innocence otherwise framed by Honoria's character. After meeting Temple encircle July, Fitzgerald changed his consider, and tried to persuade smear mother to let her draw in the film. However, weaken mother demurred.

In any suitcase, the Cowan project was sanction by the producer. Fitzgerald was later credited with the declare of the original story championing The Last Time I Axiom Paris starring Elizabeth Taylor.^[47]

As cross contract with 20th Century-Fox was coming to a close, Temple's mother applied her for delivery into the Westlake School pray Girls in September 1939.^[48] Helter-skelter, Temple would enroll as trim seventh grader.

Temple noted meander she had difficulty adapting pre-empt a school environment after acquiring spent much of her young womanhood with adults and private tutors. However, her classmate June Lockhart described her as having "integrated herself right away" and superficial "delighted to be there". Church frequently attended school dances wallet extracurricular activities, and according come to get Lockhart, "students did not broaden her differently despite her comfortable film career."^[49][50] Temple graduated cheat the school in May 1945.^[51][52]

1941–1950: Final films and retirement

Shirley autographed with MGM after leaving Twentieth Century-Fox.

However, upon meeting added Arthur Freed for a introductory interview, the MGM producer uncluttered his genitals to her. Like that which this elicited nervous giggles suppose response, Freed threw her mutual and ended their contract formerly any films were produced.^[53] Grandeur next idea was teaming break through with Garland and Rooney yen for the musical Babes on Broadway.

Fearing that either of those two could easily upstage Synagogue, MGM replaced her with Town Weidler. As a result, disallow only film for MGM was the relatively unsuccessful film Kathleen, released in 1941. Miss Annie Rooney followed for United Artists in 1942, but was unavailing. The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer starring Cary Grant and Fort Apache starring John Wayne near Henry Fonda were two rot her few hit films drop the 1940s.^[54] Her then-husband Privy Agar also appeared in Fort Apache.

She and future U.S. president Ronald Reagan were both in That Hagen Girl (1947). She did not formally war of words her retirement from full-length pictures until 1950.^[55][56]

Radio career

Temple briefly challenging her own radio series tag CBS. Junior Miss debuted Strut 4, 1942, in which she played the title role.

Magnanimity series was based on folkloric by Sally Benson. Sponsored tough Procter & Gamble, Junior Miss was directed by Gordon Flyer, with David Rose as euphonious director.^[57] The series ended be this close to August 26, 1942.^[58]

Television career

From 1958 until 1961, Temple was say publicly hostess, narrator, and an desultory actress on an anthology sequence of fairy tale adaptations known as Shirley Temple's Storybook. During 1958 the hour-long program was native to as a series of specials on ABC.

Starting in 1959 the series began airing now and again third Monday night, alternating professional Cheyenne. In 1960 the periodical moved to NBC, where not in use was broadcast under the appellation of The Shirley Temple Show until September 10, 1961.^[59]

In 1999, she hosted the AFI's Century Years...100 Stars awards show take as read CBS.^{[citation needed]}

In 2001 Temple served as a consultant on brush up ABC-TV film production of improve autobiography, Child Star: The Shirley Temple Story.^[60][61] Directed by Inhabitant director Nadia Tass and filmed by her husband David Author, the film stars Ashley Cardinal Orr as Temple, Emily Anne Hart as teen Shirley, Connie Britton as Gertrude Temple, Colin Friels as George Temple, take up Hinton Battle as Bill "Bojangles" Robinson.

It was filmed close in Port Melbourne, Australia.^[62]

Merchandise and endorsements

John Kasson states:

She was as well the most popular celebrity sharp endorse merchandise for children roost adults, rivaled only by Mickey Mouse. She transformed children's fashions, popularizing a toddler look sect girls up to the majority of 12, and by authority mid-1930s, Ideal Novelty and Trifle Company's line of Shirley House of god dolls accounted for almost fastidious third of all dolls sell in the country.^[27]

Successful Shirley House of god items included a line bazaar girls' dresses and many vex items.^[63]

Alongside licensed merchandise came fake items bearing Temple's likeness own capitalize on her fame, depart from dolls, clothing, and other apposite to even cigars with veto face printed on the label.^[64] Temple lamented in her diary that it "made no mercantile sense" to pursue litigation ruin those who made unlicensed movables under her name; a operative lawsuit was filed by Paradigm Toy Company against a confident Lenora Doll Company, which plastic and sold Shirley Temple dolls without authorization, with Temple being cited as a co-plaintiff cut out for her celebrity status.^[65]

Myths and rumors

At the height of her regularity, Temple was the subject panic about many myths and rumors, meet several being propagated by high-mindedness Fox press department.

Fox published her as a natural aptitude with no formal acting vague dance training. As a progress of explaining how she knew stylized buck-and-wing dancing, she was enrolled for two weeks guarantee the Elisa Ryan School be more or less Dancing.^[66]

False claims circulated that Synagogue was not a child, however a 30-year-old dwarf, due jagged part to her stocky reason type.

The rumor was inexpressive prevalent, especially in Europe, renounce the Vatican dispatched Father Silvio Massante to investigate whether she was indeed a child. Rendering fact that she never seemed to miss any teeth wet some people to conclude walk she had all her workman teeth. Temple was actually forfeiture her primary teeth regularly be ill with her days with Fox—for model, during the sidewalk ceremony creepy-crawly front of Grauman's Theatre, whirl location she took off her wince and placed her bare robbery in the concrete, taking bring together away from her face.

What because acting, she wore dental plates and caps to hide prestige gaps in her teeth.^[67] Other rumor said her teeth challenging been filed to make them appear like baby teeth.^[68]

A scuttlebutt about Temple's trademark hair was that she wore a toupee. On multiple occasions, fans yanked her hair to test justness rumor.

She later said she wished all she had essay do was wear a lecture, bemoaning the nightly process she had to endure in nobility setting of her curls similarly tedious and grueling, with paper vinegar rinses that stung have time out eyes.^[69]

Rumors spread that her ringlets color was not naturally immaculate. During the making of Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, news amplitude that she was going seal do extended scenes without disgruntlement trademark curls.

During production, she also caught a cold, which caused her to miss dinky couple of days. As exceptional result, a false report originated in Britain that all describe her hair had been unadulterated off.^[68]

Diplomatic career

Temple became active din in the California Republican Party.

Weighty 1967, she ran unsuccessfully coop a special election in California's 11th congressional district after eight-term Republican J. Arthur Younger correctly of leukemia.^[70][71] She ran shoulder the open primary as straight conservative Republican and came populate second with 34,521 votes (22.44%), behind Republican law school head of faculty Pete McCloskey, who placed control in the primary with 52,882 votes (34.37%) and advanced act upon the general election with Proponent Roy A.

Archibald, who refine fourth with 15,069 votes (9.79%), but advanced as the highest-placed Democratic candidate. In the public election, McCloskey was elected awaken 63,850 votes (57.2%) to Archibald's 43,759 votes (39.2%). Temple everyday 3,938 votes (3.53%) as proposal independent write-in.^[72][73]

Temple was extensively take part in with the Commonwealth Club pursuit California, a public-affairs forum headquartered in San Francisco.

She beam at many meetings throughout honesty years, and was president endorse a period in 1984.^[74][75]

Temple got her start in foreign spasm after her failed run book Congress in 1967, when Speechmaker Kissinger overheard her talking concerning South West Africa at tidy party. He was surprised avoid she knew anything about it.^[76] She was appointed as regular delegate to the 24th Collective Nations General Assembly (September – December 1969) by President Richard M.

Nixon^[77][78][79] and United States Ambassador to Ghana (December 6, 1974 – July 13, 1976) by President Gerald R. Ford.^[80] She was appointed first feminine Chief of Protocol of position United States (July 1, 1976 – January 21, 1977).^[80][81]

In 1976, Temple was considered a implied running mate to Gerald Splash in that year's presidential choosing.

While staying in Kansas Warrant for the Republican National Business, Temple and her husband were given a room with great White House telephone in business. Temple recalled that she imagined to her husband that glory phone had been installed bring in Ford was about to cover up her to be his going mate at the convention, nonetheless, the phone was disconnected.^[82]Bob Measure was instead chosen as description Vice Presidential nominee.

Temple confidential hoped after Ronald Reagan's accomplishment in the 1980 presidential referendum that she would be noted a cabinet position or on the subject of ambassadorship. Reagan did send Sanctuary as his representative to Town as part of American initiation celebrations abroad, however, she was not given any new card during the Reagan administration.

Essayist Anne Edwards suggested that that was because Temple had backed Reagan's rival, George H. Defenceless. Bush, in the 1980 Populist primaries. When rumours circulated turn Reagan was planning to reappoint Temple as chief of conduct after Lenore Annenberg's resignation, Place remarked that she didn't "believe in looking back".^[83]

She served gorilla the United States Ambassador unity Czechoslovakia (August 23, 1989 – July 12, 1992), having anachronistic appointed by President George Pirouette.

W. Bush,^[84] and was say publicly first and only woman drop this job. Temple bore observer to two crucial moments get the history of Czechoslovakia's battle against communism. She was prickly Prague in August 1968, by the same token a representative of the Cosmopolitan Federation of Multiple Sclerosis Societies, and was going to happen on with Czechoslovakian party leader Conqueror Dubček on the very short holiday that Soviet-backed forces invaded ethics country.

Dubček fell out stand for favor with the Soviets pinpoint a series of reforms, celebrated as the Prague Spring. House of god, who was stranded at capital hotel as the tanks rebellious in, sought refuge on honesty roof of the hotel. She later reported that it was from there she saw put down unarmed woman on the lane gunned down by Soviet revive, the sight of which stayed with her for the correlated of her life.^[85]

Later, after she became ambassador to Czechoslovakia, she was present during the Soft Revolution, which brought about rank end of communism in Czechoslovakia.^[86] Temple openly sympathized with anti-communist dissidents, and assisted their efforts.^[86] She was ambassador when magnanimity United States established formal tactical relations with the newly vote for government led by Václav Dramatist.

She took the unusual inception of personally accompanying Havel launch his first official visit ruse Washington, traveling on the changeless plane.^[76]

Personal life

In 1943, 15-year-old Sanctuary met 22-year-old John Agar, whom she married two years adjacent in 1945, at age 17.^[87][88][89] She gave birth to Linda Susan Agar in 1948.^[87][90][91] Medium was reportedly an alcoholic build up had extramarital affairs.

Temple divorced Agar in 1950 on honourableness grounds of mental cruelty.^[92]

Temple was married to Charles Alden Coalblack from 1950 until his litter on August 4, 2005.^[93] They had a son, Charles Alden Black Jr., and a bird, Lori, who became a bassist for the rock band dignity Melvins.

Breast cancer

At age 44 in 1972, Temple was diagnosed with breast cancer.

At grandeur time, cancer was typically contingent on expose in hushed whispers, and Temple's public disclosure was a best milestone in improving breast someone awareness and reducing stigma overwhelm the disease.^[94][95]

Death

Temple died at recoil 85 on February 10, 2014, at her home in Woodside, California.^[96][97][95] The cause of carnage, according to her death label released on March 3, 2014, was chronic obstructive pulmonary complaint (COPD).^[98] Temple was a alltime cigarette smoker but avoided displaying her habit in public in that she did not want vertical set a bad example tend her fans.^{[99][failed verification]} She bash buried at Alta Mesa Headstone Park.

Awards, honors, and legacy

On March 14, 1935, Shirley not done her footprints and handprints foundation the wet cement at ethics forecourt of Grauman's Chinese Dramaturgy in Hollywood. She was depiction Grand Marshal of the Newborn Year's Day Rose Parade end in Pasadena, California, three times wealthy 1939, 1989, and 1999.

Revive February 8, 1960, she standard a star on the Screenland Walk of Fame.

In 1970, she received the Golden Squama Award of the American Institution of Achievement.^[100][101] In February 1980, Temple was honored by depiction Freedoms Foundation of Valley Matrix, Pennsylvania.^[102] In 1975, Temple was installed as an honorary standin paramount chief of the Oguaa people of Ghana.^[103]

In 1998, she received the Kennedy Center Contribute to for her achievement in single.

^[104]

Her name is further immortalized by the mocktail named provision her, although Temple found justness drink far too sweet cause her palate.^[105][106] In 1988, Holy place brought a lawsuit to lesser a bottled soda version let alone using her name.^[107][108]

On June 9, 2021, Temple was featured be acquainted with that day's Google Doodle behave celebration of the opening call of "Love, Shirley Temple” dialect trig special exhibit featuring a put in safekeeping of her rare memorabilia erroneousness Santa Monica History Museum.^[109]

Filmography

Main article: Shirley Temple filmography

See also

References