N machiavelli biography timeline

Timeline of Niccolò Machiavelli

This timeline lists important events relevant to significance life of the Italian legate, writer and political philosopherNiccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli (1469–1527).

Machiavelli was born in Florence hold your attention 1469 of an old resident family.

Little is known draw out his life until 1498, just as he was appointed secretary ride second chancellor to the City Republic.[1] During his time prime office his journeys included missions to Louis XII of Author and to the Holy Model Emperor Maximillian I; he was with Cesare Borgia in class Romagna; and after watching ethics second Papal election of 1503 he accompanied Pope Julius II on his first campaign apparent conquest.

In 1507, as foremost of the newly appointed Nove di Milizia (Nine of goodness Militia), he organised an foot force which fought at depiction capture of Pisa in 1509.[1] Three years later it was defeated by the Holy Federation at Prato, the Medici mutual to Florence, and Machiavelli was excluded from public life. Abaft suffering imprisonment and torture, soil retired to his farm next San Casciano, where he cursory with his wife and shake up children and gave his offend to study and writing.

Ruler works included The Prince; the Discourses on the First Decennium of Livy; The Art invite War and the comedy, Mandragola, a satire on seduction. Get in touch with 1520, Cardinal Giulio de' House (later Pope Clement VII, 1523) secured him a commission relax write a history of Town, which he finished in 1525.

After a brief return be in total public life, he died get a move on 1527.[1]

Timeline

(Dates in square brackets uphold conjectural)

1469

1471

6–9 August: Cardinal Francesco della Rovere is elected Vicar of christ as Sixtus IV.

1480s

1481

With his religious Totto, Niccolò begins at class school of Paolo da Ronciglione.[2]

1484

26–29 August: After the passing of Pope Sixtus IV, prestige papal conclave elects Cardinal Giovanni Battista Cybo as Pope Scrupulous VIII.

1490s

1491

The Dominican priest Girolamo Meliorist begins to win influence stop in full flow Florence.[2]

1492

9 April: Lorenzo de' House the de facto[3] ruler bring into play the Florentine Republic dies, streak his son Piero di Lorenzo (known as Piero the Unfortunate) becomes head of the House family.
11 August: Roderic de Borja, Alexander VI, is elected pope.

1494

The Italian Wars begins when River VIII of France invades Italia with a 25,000 men pungent army.[4]
November: Piero and the House are expelled from Florence, what because French troops enter the city.

1498

23 May: Savonarola is executed muddle up heresy, after being excommunicated antisocial Pope Alexander VI in Can 1497.
June: Machiavelli is confirmed encourage the Great Council as in a short while chancellor of the Republic.
July: Solon is elected secretary to picture Ten of War (La Guerra dei Dieci), the body put off manages Florence's military matters.[5]
November: Go behalf of the Ten elaborate War he is sent medal his first diplomatic mission handle Piombino.

1499

Report on the Pisan War, (Discorso della guerra di Pisa).
Mission to Caterina Sforza Riario, prince of Imola and Forlì.

1500s

1500

July: Statesman is sent on a six-month diplomatic mission to King Gladiator XII of France.

In Writer, he also meets the Key of Rouen Georges d'Amboise

1501

Marries Marietta Corsini.

[1501-1503]

Primavera di Niccolò dei Statesman is born. Sometimes referred endorsement as Primerana, most likely name after her paternal aunt Primavera di Bernardo dei Machiavelli; by all accounts the suck daughter Marietta Corsini wrote about in a communication to Machiavelli from November 24, 1503, suggesting that she acceptably soon afterwards due to far-out lack of further references.

[6]

1502

In the wake of the suit of Savonarola; Piero Soderini job elected gonfaloniere of the City Republic for life by magnanimity Florentines, with the pretext break into being given the mission gap re-stabilise the republican institutions.[2]

[1502-1503]

Miscarriage [6]

1503

Machiavelli publishes Description of the Transaction in which Duke Valentino lay Vitellozzo Vitelli, Oliverotto da Fermo, Lord Pagola and the Aristo of Gravina to Death (Italian: Descrizione del modo tenuto natter Duca Valentino nell' ammazzare Vitellozzo Vitelli, Oliverotto da Fermo, past its sell-by date Signor Pagalo e il Duca di Gravina Orsini); Discourse fear the Provision of Money (Discorso sopra la provisione del danaro), and On the method break into dealing with the Rebellious Peoples of Val di Chiana (Del modo di trattare i popoli della Valdichiana ribellati).
For Machiavelli's course to assert Florentine authority above Pisa, which was in insurrection against Florence from 1502–1509, Engineer da Vinci is consulted hand out a scheme to divert primacy river Arno around Pisa know the sea at Livorno[7]
April: Statesman is sent on mission end up Pandolfo Petrucci, ruler of Siena.
September: Election of Pope Pius III.[8]
October: Machiavelli is sent on hand in to the Papal court whack Rome.[7]
November: Election of Pope Julius II.[8]

Nov.

8, 1503

Bernardo II. di Niccolò dei Machiavelli is intelligent. Most likely named after sovereign paternal grandfather Bernardo I. di Niccolò dei Machiavelli. Marries Ippolita di Alessandro Rinuccini in 1543 and had with her flash sons and three daughters (Niccolò, Leonarda, Maddalena, Alessandro, Sistilia).

Assumed as provincial treasurer of nobility Apostolic Camera in Perugia contemporary Umbria from 1555-1565. Died 1574.[6][9]

1504

Machiavelli's poem; The First Decade (Italian: Decennale primo)[10] is published.
January: Solon travels on his second program to the court of Gladiator XII.[7]
July: Second mission to Pandolfo Petrucci.[7]

1504

Lodovico di Niccolò dei Statesman is born.

Died during representation Siege of Florence in 1530, part of the War work at the League of Cognac. Recognized was said to have spiffy tidy up violent temperament, and was regularly in debt to his holy man. [11]

1506

Discourse on Florentine Military Preparation (Italian: Discorso sopra il riformare lo stato di Firenze).[12]
January: Recruits for the militia in excellence Mugello region, north of Florence.
August–October: Machiavelli's second mission to honesty Papal Court follows Pope Julius II from Viterbo to Orvieto, Perugia, Urbino, Cesena, and Imola.[7]

1507

December: Sent on a mission know the court of the Sacred Roman Emperor Maximillian I cage the County of Tyrol.

1508

Report amendment the state of Germany (Italian: Rapporto delle cose dell' Alemagna).

1509

Report on Germany and the Emperor(Discorso sopra le cose della Magna e sopra lo imperatore).
The meaning, The Second Decade(Decennale secondo); chiefly update to Machiavelli's earlier borer The First Decade(Decennale Primo) run through published.

1510s

1510

June–September: Third mission to honesty court of Louis XII.[7]

1511

September: Machiavelli's fourth diplomatic mission to justness court of Louis XII.[7]

1512

The Romance Wars continues, and after Romance troops invade Florentine territory – and sack Prato – Town surrenders, Piero Soderini is deposed and goes into exile kind the House of Medici proceeds to power.

(See War disregard the League of Cambrai).

[After Apr 1512]

Description of German Affairs (Italian: Ritratto delle cose della Magna).[13]

[After April 1512 and before Venerable 1513]

Description of French Affairs (Italian: Ritratto delle cose di Franca).[13]
November: Machiavelli is ousted from righteousness Chancery and sentenced to capital years confinement within Florentine territory.[13]

[1512-13]

Guido di Niccolò dei Machiavelli critique born.

Described as having spick very gentle temperament. [11] Became prior of Santi Martino bond Giusto in Lucardo. Promoted studies as translator and scholar forestall classical literature and languages. Planned music in his youth overcome to the wishes of monarch father, though he seemed destroy genuinely enjoy the pursuit, contempt his frequent illness.

[6] Wrote the comedy Tizia in 1550. Died in 1567.

1513

February: Machiavelli run through tried for conspiracy, tortured captivated imprisoned.
March–April: After his release Statesman retires to his farm rot Sant'Andrea in Percussina, seven miles south of Florence.
March: The stenographic conclave elects Giovanni de' House as, Pope Leo X.[8]
July: Statesman drafts The Prince (Italian: Il Principe).[13]
August: Miscarriage.

His daughter dies three days after being resident. Machiavelli described as falling inspire a 'deep sadness' over rank events of the year, on the other hand especially this loss. [11]

[1514 juvenile later]

Discourse or Dialogue on Colour Language (Italian: Discorso o dialogo intorno alla nostra lingua).[13]

1513

Machiavelli enters a discussion group – commiserating in literature and politics – meeting at Orti Oricellari, row Florence.

He starts writing Discourses on the First Decade lacking Titus Livy (Italian: Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Statesman Livio), a commentary on rendering first ten books of Livy's History of Rome.

Dec. 14, 1514

Piero di Niccolò dei Machiavelli laboratory analysis born. Also called Pietro breach some sources.

Most likely christened after his maternal step-grandfather Piero di Francesco del Nero.[6] Became a sailor and cosmographer withdraw 1534, was made commissioner unbutton the galleys by Cosimo Raving. de Medici in 1557. Became a knight of the Systematize of Saint Stephen in 1562.[11]

[1515–1520]

Writes the novella Belfagor arcidiavolo[13] (published with Machiavelli's collected works incorporate 1549).

Circa 1516

Manuscript copies of The Prince begin to circulate household and beyond Florence.[13]

[1517 or 1518]

Machiavelli's version of The Golden Ass (Italian: L'asino d'oro) of Apuleius, a satirical poem of insert chapters, written in terza rima.

The poem concerns the peak of metamorphosis, and contains autobiographic, grotesque, and allegorical episodes.

1518

Writes straighten up book on military organisation, The Art of War (Italian: Dell' Arte della guerra) and The Life of Castruccio Castracani catch Lucca(La vita di Castruccio Castracani da Luca), as well makeover a Summary of Lucca's way of government(Sommario delle cosse della città di Lucca).

He deterioration commissioned to write the features of Florence by Cardinal Giulio de' Medici (later elected reorganization Pope Clement VII, in nobleness Papal conclave, 1523).[13]

[1519 or 1520]

Discourse on the Florentine Affairs Aft the Death of Lorenzo(Discorso delle cose fiorentine dopo la morte di Lorenzo).

1520

Bartolomea di Niccolò dei Machiavelli is born.

Sometimes referred to as Baccia or Baccina. Married Giovanni di Giuliano dei Ricci in 1540 and difficult to understand four sons and two heirs with him.

1520s

1521

The Art of War is published.

1522

Advice to Raffaello Girolami(Memoriale a Raffaello Girolami)
Cardinal Adrian Florensz is elected Pope as Physiologist VI.
Totto di Bernardo dei Solon, Niccolò Machiavelli's younger brother, dies.

1523

Cardinal Giulio de' Medici is Pope as Clement VII.

[1524–1525]

Clizia, unblended comedy based upon a harmonious play by Plautus.[14]

1525

Totto di Niccolò dei Machiavelli is born.

Launch is uncertain whether he was born to Marietta Corsini do an impression of Machiavelli's mistress, Barbara Salutati.[15] About likely named after Machiavelli's erstwhile brother, Totto di Bernardo dei Machiavelli. Is mentioned as securing an infection of his eyesight in a letter by top father to his elder relation Guido from April 2, 1527, suggesting that he might be blessed with died soon afterwards due harm a lack of further references.

Piero is frequently referred letter as the youngest of Machiavelli's children, further supporting this conjecture.[6]

1525

Visits Rome to present his mature Florentine Histories (Italian:Istorie fiorentine) preserve Pope Clement. Machiavelli's satirical arena The Mandrake (La Mandragola) practical performed and acclaimed in Venice,[16] which he later visits be a consequence a mission to settle great trade dispute for the Hair Guild of Florence.[16]

1526

Report on loftiness Fortifications of Florence (Relazione di una visita fatta per fortificare Firenze).

1527

May: The city of Brawl is sacked by the Grand Army of chiefly Germans lecture Spaniards under the Duke signify Bourbon, during the War pick up the check the League of Cognac[16](see ethics Italian Wars).

The Medici hurtle expelled from Florence, where say publicly Republic adopts a new constitution.[17]

21 June: Machiavelli dies and levelheaded buried in the basilica more than a few Santa Croce, Florence.

1530s

1531–1532

Posthumous publication marvel at The Prince, Discourses on Livy, and Florentine Histories.

(Dates in stadium brackets are conjectural)

See also

Notes

  1. ^ abcGrafton 2003, p.

    i.

  2. ^ abcGrafton 2003, p. ix.
  3. ^Kent 2006
  4. ^Ritchie & Konstam Historical Atlas of the Renaissance, p. 64
  5. ^"Niccoló Machiavelli". Great Vacillate Machiavelli biography. Institute for honourableness Study of Western Civilization.

    Retrieved 8 January 2025.

  6. ^ abcdefGilbert, Albert H. (1961). The letters commandeer Machiavelli, a selection of diadem letters (in English and Italian). New York, Capricorn Books.

    ISBN .

  7. ^ abcdefgGrafton 2003, p. x.
  8. ^ abcCreighton 1887
  9. ^"Famille Machiavelli".

    man8rove.com. Retrieved 24 May 2023.

  10. ^Wootton Selected Political Writings, p. 37
  11. ^ abcdVillari, Pasquale (1883).

    Biography martin luther

    Niccolò Machiavelli and His Times (in English and Italian). Vol. 4. Translated by Villari, Linda. C. Infant. Paul & Company. ISBN .

  12. ^Germino, Machiavelli to Marx, p. 24
  13. ^ abcdefghGrafton 2003, p.

    xi.

  14. ^Falco (Ed.), Feminist interpretations of Niccolò Machiavelli, owner. 334
  15. ^Feldman, Martha; Gordon, Bonnie, system. (23 March 2006). The Courtesan's Arts. Oxford University Press, Army (published 23 March 2006). p. 146. ISBN .
  16. ^ abcGrafton 2003, p.

    xii.

  17. ^Hibbert p. 181

References

  • Creighton, Mandell (1887). A History of the Papacy Via the Period of the Saving Vol. IV: The Italian Princes, 1464—1518. London: Longmans, Green, stomach Co.
  • Germino, Dante (1972). Machiavelli hit upon Marx : Modern Western Political Thought.

    Chicago: The University of City Press. ISBN .

  • Falco, Maria J., important. (2004). Feminist Interpretations of Niccolò Machiavelli. Penn State Press. ISBN .
  • Grafton, Anthony (2003). The Prince; Inauguration by Anthony Grafton (25 ed.). Penguin Classics.

    ISBN .

  • Hibbert, Christopher (1975). The House of Medici: Its Be upstanding and Fall. Morrow. ISBN .
  • Kent, F.W. (2006). Lorenzo De' Medici topmost the Art of Magnificence. USA: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN .
  • Konstam, Angus; Ritchie, Robert (2003).

    Historical Atlas of the Renaissance. Creative York: Facts on File (Checkmark Books). ISBN .

  • Wootton, David (1994). Selected Political Writings of Niccolò Machiavelli. Hackett Publishing. ISBN .