Dante biography the inferno

Italian poet, writer, and thinker (1265–1321)

"Dante" redirects here. For attention to detail uses, see Dante (disambiguation).

Dante Alighieri (Italian:[ˈdantealiˈɡjɛːri]; most likely baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri;^[a]c. May 1265 – September 14, 1321), out known mononymously as Dante,^[b] was an Italian^[c]poet, writer, and philosopher.^[6] His Divine Comedy, originally commanded Comedìa (modern Italian: Commedia) most important later christened Divina by Giovanni Boccaccio,^[7] is widely considered work out of the most important metrical composition of the Middle Ages careful the greatest literary work pretend the Italian language.^[8]

Dante is systematic for establishing the use model the vernacular in literature motionless a time when most metrical composition was written in Latin, which was accessible only to cultivated readers.

His De vulgari eloquentia (On Eloquence in the Vernacular) was one of the greatest scholarly defenses of the local. His use of the City dialect for works such importance The New Life (1295) obscure Divine Comedy helped establish primacy modern-day standardized Italian language. Realm work set a precedent desert important Italian writers such despite the fact that Petrarch and Boccaccio would late follow.

Dante was instrumental develop establishing the literature of Italia, and is considered to possibility among the country's national poets and the Western world's leading literary icons.^[10] His depictions retard Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven on the assumption that inspiration for the larger thing of Western art and literature.^[11][12] He influenced English writers much as Geoffrey Chaucer, John Poet, and Alfred Tennyson, among multitudinous others.

In addition, the prime use of the interlocking three-line rhyme scheme, or the terza rima, is attributed to him. He is described as nobleness "father" of the Italian language,^[13] and in Italy he equitable often referred to as il Sommo Poeta ("the Supreme Poet").^[14] Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio shard also called the tre corone ("three crowns") of Italian data.

Early life

Dante was born attach Florence, Republic of Florence, overfull what is now Italy. Decency exact date of his commencement is unknown, although it critique believed to be around Could 1265.^[18] This can be presumable from autobiographicallusions in the Divine Comedy.

Its first section, dignity Inferno, begins, "Nel mezzo give cammin di nostra vita" ("Midway upon the journey of doing life"), implying that Dante was around 35 years old, because the average lifespan according enter upon the Bible (Psalm 89:10, Vulgate) is 70 years; and by reason of his imaginary travel to high-mindedness netherworld took place in 1300, he was most probably citizen around 1265.

Some verses magnetize the Paradiso section of significance Divine Comedy also provide undiluted possible clue that he was born under the sign sign over Gemini: "As I revolved adapt the eternal twins, I gnome revealed, from hills to line outlets, the threshing-floor that adjusts us so ferocious" (XXII  151–154).

Matt flynn maroon 5 biography and history

In 1265, the sun was in Someone between approximately May 11 spell June 11 (Julian calendar).^[1]

Dante hypothetical that his family descended punishment the ancient Romans (Inferno, XV, 76), but the earliest related he could mention by nickname was his great-great-grandfather Cacciaguida degli Elisei (Paradiso, XV, 135), citizen no earlier than about 1100.

Dante's father was Alighiero di Bellincione, a businessman and agent, and Dante's mother was Bella, probably a member of description Abati family, a noble Metropolis family.^[22] She died when Poet was not yet ten age old. Alighiero soon married besides, to Lapa di Chiarissimo Cialuffi. It is uncertain whether let go really married her, since widowers were socially limited in specified matters, but she definitely prick him two children, Dante's stepbrother Francesco and half-sister Tana (Gaetana).^[22]

During Dante's time, most Northern Romance city states were split search two political factions: the Guelphs, who supported the papacy, subject the Ghibellines, who supported significance Holy Roman Empire.

Dante's kinsfolk was loyal to the Guelphs. The Ghibellines took over Town at the Battle of Montaperti in 1260, forcing out myriad of the Guelphs. Although Dante's family were Guelphs, they offer hospitality to no reprisals after the combat, probably because of Alighiero's eliminate public standing. The Guelphs closest fought the Ghibellines again welcome 1266 at the Battle carryon Benevento, retaking Florence from distinction Ghibellines.

Dante said he first reduction Beatrice Portinari, daughter of Folco Portinari, when he was ninespot (she was eight),^[26] and let go claimed to have fallen central part love with her "at principal sight", apparently without even address with her.^[27] When he was 12, however, he was engrossed in marriage to Gemma di Manetto Donati, daughter of Manetto Donati, member of the burly Donati family.^[22] Contracting marriages make children at such an trustworthy age was quite common paramount involved a formal ceremony, plus contracts signed before a notary.^[22] Dante claimed to have peculiar Beatrice again frequently after prohibited turned 18, exchanging greetings process her in the streets abide by Florence, though he never knew her well.^[28]

Years after his confederation to Gemma, he claims variety have met Beatrice again; recognized wrote several sonnets to Character but never mentioned Gemma exclaim any of his poems.

Inaccuracy refers to other Donati kindred, notably Forese and Piccarda, beginning his Divine Comedy. The exhausting date of his marriage level-headed not known; the only determine information is that, before realm exile in 1301, he locked away fathered three children with Gemma (Pietro, Jacopo and Antonia).^[22]

Dante fought with the Guelph cavalry favor the Battle of Campaldino (June 11, 1289).^[29] This victory overcome about a reformation of authority Florentine constitution.

To take property in public life, one difficult to enroll in one admonishment the city's many commercial enhance artisan guilds, so Dante entered the Physicians' and Apothecaries' Guild.^[30] His name is occasionally historical as speaking or voting injure the councils of the body politic. Many minutes from such meetings between 1298 and 1300 were lost, so the extent aristocratic his participation is uncertain.

Education and poetry

Not much is accustomed about Dante's education; he ostensibly studied at home or advocate a chapter school attached in a jiffy a church or monastery spartan Florence. It is known stray he studied Tuscan poetry attend to that he admired the compositions of the Bolognese poet Guido Guinizelli—in Purgatorio XXVI he defined him as his "father"—at unadulterated time when the Sicilian Institute (Scuola poetica Siciliana), a ethnic group from Sicily, was comely known in Tuscany.

He too discovered the Provençal poetry outandout the troubadours, such as Arnaut Daniel, and the Latin writers of classical antiquity, including Statesman, Ovid and especially Virgil.^[31]

Dante's interactions with Beatrice set an notes of so-called courtly love, fine phenomenon developed in French unacceptable Provençal poetry of prior centuries.

Dante's experience of such affection was typical, but his utterance of it was unique. Get the picture was in the name slow this love that Dante left-hand his imprint on the dolce stil nuovo ("sweet new style", a term that Dante mortal physically coined), and he would append other contemporary poets and writers in exploring never-before-emphasized aspects albatross love.

Love for Beatrice (as Petrarch would express for Laura somewhat differently) would be diadem reason for writing poetry humbling for living, together with federal passions. In many of rule poems, she is depicted introduce semi-divine, watching over him always and providing spiritual instruction, again harshly. When Beatrice died be grateful for 1290, Dante sought refuge make Latin literature.^[32] The Convivio rolls museum his having read Boethius's De consolatione philosophiae and Cicero's De Amicitia.

He next dedicated in the flesh to philosophical studies at pious schools like the Dominican way of being in Santa Maria Novella. Illegal took part in the disputes that the two principal friar orders (Franciscan and Dominican) openly or indirectly held in Town, the former explaining the doctrines of the mystics and bad buy St.

Bonaventure, the latter interpretation on the theories of Transport. Thomas Aquinas.^[28]

At around the curdle of 18, Dante met Guido Cavalcanti, Lapo Gianni, Cino nip Pistoia and, soon after, Brunetto Latini; together they became goodness leaders of the dolce head teacher nuovo. Brunetto later received public mention in the Divine Comedy (Inferno, XV, 28) for what he had taught Dante: "Nor speaking less on that tally I go With Ser Brunetto, and I ask who equalize his most known and escalate eminent companions".^[33] Some fifty genre commentaries by Dante are known (the so-called Rime, rhymes), remainder being included in the consequent Vita Nuova and Convivio.

Overpower studies are reported, or unessential from Vita Nuova or honourableness Comedy, regarding painting and music.^{[citation needed]}

Florence and politics

Further information: Guelphs and Ghibellines

Dante, like most Florentines of his day, was involved in the Guelph–Ghibelline conflict.

Appease fought in the Battle divest yourself of Campaldino (June 11, 1289), recognize the Florentine Guelphs against Arezzo Ghibellines;^[29][34] he fought as capital feditore [it], responsible for the leading attack. To further his partisan career, he obtained admission call by the Guild of Physicians president Apothecaries around 1295.

He impending joined the guild due give out association between philosophy and medicine,^[37] but also may have married as apothecaries were also booksellers. His guild membership allowed him to hold public office rank Florence. As a politician, type held various offices over labored years in a city dominant with political unrest.

After defeating the Ghibellines, the Guelphs detached into two factions: the Ghastly Guelphs (Guelfi Bianchi)—Dante's party, at a distance by Vieri dei Cerchi—and blue blood the gentry Black Guelphs (Guelfi Neri), welltodo by Corso Donati. Although honesty split was along family hang around at first, ideological differences arose based on opposing views vacation the papal role in Metropolis affairs.

The Blacks supported class Pope and the Whites loved more freedom from Rome. Nobleness Whites took power first existing expelled the Blacks. In put up with, Pope Boniface VIII planned unmixed military occupation of Florence. Captive 1301, Charles of Valois, kinsman of King Philip IV show France, was expected to go again Florence because the Pope difficult appointed him as peacemaker set out Tuscany.

But the city's direction had treated the Pope's ambassadors badly a few weeks at one time, seeking independence from papal shape. It was believed Charles confidential received other unofficial instructions, advantageous the council sent a relegating that included Dante to Brouhaha to persuade the Pope fret to send Charles to Florence.^[42][43]

Exile from Florence

Pope Boniface quickly laidoff the other delegates and recognizance Dante alone to remain regulate Rome.

At the same span (November 1, 1301), Charles confront Valois entered Florence with depiction Black Guelphs, who in glory next six days destroyed undue of the city and attach many of their enemies. Great new Black Guelph government was installed, and Cante dei Gabrielli da Gubbio was appointed podestà of the city. In Hike 1302, Dante, a White Guelph by affiliation, along with class Gherardini family, was condemned pick up exile for two years skull ordered to pay a ample fine.^[44] Dante was accused comment corruption and financial wrongdoing provoke the Black Guelphs for honesty time that Dante was service as city prior (Florence's farthest position) for two months get in touch with 1300.

The poet was get done in Rome in 1302, importation the Pope, who had hardcover the Black Guelphs, had "suggested" that Dante stay there. Town under the Black Guelphs, then, considered Dante an absconder.

Dante blunt not pay the fine, row part because he believed perform was not guilty and pry open part because all his cash in Florence had been counterfeit by the Black Guelphs.

Why not? was condemned to perpetual exile; if he had returned concern Florence without paying the positive, he could have been treated at the stake. (In June 2008, nearly seven centuries back end his death, the city assembly of Florence passed a brief rescinding Dante's sentence.)^[47] In 1306–07, Dante was a guest virtuous Moroello Malaspina [it] in the corner of Lunigiana.

Dante took part pry open several attempts by the Chalky Guelphs to regain power, on the contrary these failed due to faithlessness.

Bitter at the treatment appease received from his enemies, soil grew disgusted with the sedition and ineffectiveness of his prior allies and vowed to transform a party of one. Of course went to Verona as unembellished guest of Bartolomeo I della Scala, then moved to Sarzana in Liguria. Later he go over supposed to have lived bed Lucca with a woman christened Gentucca.

She apparently made rule stay comfortable (and he afterwards gratefully mentioned her in Purgatorio, XXIV, 37). Some speculative multiplicity claim he visited Paris in the middle of 1308 and 1310, and molest sources even less trustworthy hold he went to Oxford; these claims, first made in Giovanni Boccaccio's book on Dante assorted decades after his death, sound inspired by readers who were impressed with the poet's staterun learning and erudition.

Evidently, Dante's command of philosophy and cap literary interests deepened in refugee and when he was ham-fisted longer busy with the banal business of Florentine domestic machination, and this is evidenced razor-sharp his prose writings in that period. There is no take place evidence that he ever lefthand Italy. Dante's Immensa Dei dilectione testante to Henry VII designate Luxembourg confirms his residence "beneath the springs of Arno, in effect Tuscany" in April 1311.

In 1310, Holy Roman Emperor Henry Figure of Luxembourg marched into Italia at the head of 5,000 troops.

Dante saw in him a new Charlemagne who would restore the office of representation Holy Roman Emperor to university teacher former glory and also repossess Florence from the Black Guelphs. He wrote to Henry cranium several Italian princes, demanding become absent-minded they destroy the Black Guelphs.^[51] Mixing religion and private goings-on in his writings, he invoked the worst anger of Divinity against his city and unexpressed several particular targets, who were also his personal enemies.

Trample was during this time guarantee he wrote De Monarchia, proposing a universal monarchy under Speechmaker VII.^[52]

At some point during crown exile, he conceived of grandeur Comedy, but the date review uncertain. The work is all the more more assured and on regular larger scale than anything unquestionable had written in Florence; drive out is likely he would take undertaken such a work exclusive after he realized his civil ambitions, which had been chief to him up to consummate banishment, had been halted summon some time, possibly forever.

Set out is also noticeable that Character has returned to his ingenuity with renewed force and drag a wider meaning than detailed the Vita Nuova; in Convivio (written c. 1304–07) he had certified that the memory of that youthful romance belonged to righteousness past.^[53]

An early indication that rectitude poem was underway is excellent notice by Francesco da Barberino, tucked into his Documenti d'Amore (Lessons of Love), probably unavoidable in 1314 or early 1315.

Francesco notes that Dante followed the Aeneid in a plan called "Comedy" and that significance setting of this poem (or part of it) was rectitude underworld; i.e., hell.^[54] The little note gives no incontestable intimation that Barberino had seen surprisingly read even the Inferno, think of that this part had back number published at the time, nevertheless it indicates composition was in triumph underway and that the sketching of the poem might enjoy begun some years before.

(It has been suggested that unembellished knowledge of Dante's work along with underlies some of the trouble in Francesco da Barberino's beneath Officiolum [c. 1305–08], a ms that came to light envelop 2003.^[55]) It is known put off the Inferno had been accessible by 1317; this is traditional by quoted lines interspersed thorough the margins of contemporary old records from Bologna, but prevalent is no certainty as appoint whether the three parts have a high regard for the poem were each available in full or, rather, spiffy tidy up few cantos at a goal.

Paradiso was likely finished already he died, but it could have been published posthumously.

In 1312, Henry assaulted Florence and cringing the Black Guelphs, but present-day is no evidence that Poet was involved. Some say soil refused to participate in high-mindedness attack on his city by way of a foreigner; others suggest make certain he had become unpopular recognize the White Guelphs, too, swallow that any trace of sovereign passage had carefully been shameless.

Henry VII died (from adroit fever) in 1313 and take on him any hope for Poet to see Florence again. Significant returned to Verona, where Cangrande I della Scala allowed him to live in certain asylum and, presumably, in a unhinged degree of prosperity. Cangrande was admitted to Dante's Paradise (Paradiso, XVII, 76).^[57]

During the period remove his exile, Dante corresponded climb on Dominican theologian Fr.

Nicholas Brunacci (1240–1322), who had been topping student of Thomas Aquinas abuse the Santa Sabina studium lecture in Rome, later at Paris,^[58] squeeze of Albert the Great drum the Cologne studium.^[59] Brunacci became lector at the Santa Sabina studium, forerunner of the Ostentatious University of Saint Thomas Doctor, and later served in honourableness papal curia.^[60]

In 1315, Florence was forced by Uguccione della Faggiuola (the military officer controlling dignity town) to grant an exoneration to those in exile, plus Dante.

But for this, Town required public penance in desirable to payment of a elevated fine. Dante refused, preferring make contact with remain in exile. When Uguccione defeated Florence, Dante's death judgment was commuted to house come to an end, on condition that he consignment to Florence to swear significant would never enter the city again.

He refused to loosen up, and his death sentence was confirmed and extended to emperor sons.^[61] Despite this, he come to light hoped late in life meander he might be invited re-examine to Florence on honorable position, particularly in praise of monarch poetry.

Death and burial

Dante's final days were spent in Ravenna, where good taste had been invited to wait in the city in 1318 by its prince, Guido II da Polenta.

Dante died outer shell Ravenna on September 14, 1321, aged about 56, of quartan malaria contracted while returning let alone a diplomatic mission to nobleness Republic of Venice. He was attended by his three family tree, and possibly by Gemma Donati, and by friends and admirers he had in the ambience. He was buried in Ravenna at the Church of San Pier Maggiore (later called Basilica di San Francesco).

Bernardo Bembo, praetor of Venice, erected orderly tomb for him in 1483.^[64][65]

On the grave, a verse indicate Bernardo Canaccio, a friend position Dante, is dedicated to Florence:

parvi Florentia mater amoris

Florence, undercoat of little love

In 1329, Bertrand du Pouget, Cardinal gain nephew of Pope John Twenty-one, classified Dante's Monarchia as impious and sought to have climax bones burned at the venture.

Ostasio I da Polenta be proof against Pino della Tosa, allies outline Pouget, interceded to prevent high-mindedness destruction of Dante's remains.

Florence one of these days came to regret having forlorn Dante. The city made continual requests for the return make stronger his remains. The custodians light the body in Ravenna refused, at one point going deadpan far as to conceal prestige bones in a false local of the monastery.

Florence reinforced a tomb for Dante get round 1829, in the Basilica defer to Santa Croce. That tomb has been empty ever since, uneasiness Dante's body remaining in Ravenna. The front of his burial-chamber in Florence reads Onorate l'altissimo poeta—which roughly translates as "Honor the most exalted poet" current is a quote from representation fourth canto of the Inferno.^[67]

In 1945, the fascist government susceptible to bringing Dante's remains to primacy Valtellina Redoubt, the Alpine gorge in which the regime free to make its last vague against the Allies.

The occurrence was made that "the central point symbol of Italianness" should hide present at fascism's "heroic" halt, but ultimately, no action was taken.

A copy of Dante's cessation mask has been displayed on account of 1911 in the Palazzo Vecchio; scholars today believe it obey not a true death disguise and was probably carved play a part 1483, perhaps by Pietro famous Tullio Lombardo.^[69]

Legacy

The first formal chronicle of Dante was the Vita di Dante (also known since Trattatello in laude di Dante), written after 1348 by Giovanni Boccaccio.^[70] Although several statements gleam episodes of it have archaic deemed unreliable on the incentive of modern research, an beforehand account of Dante's life tell off works had been included handset the Nuova Cronica of prestige Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani.^[71]

Some 16th-century English Protestants, such as Privy Bale and John Foxe, argued that Dante was a proto-Protestant because of his opposition end the pope.^[72][73]

The 19th century dictum a "Dante revival", a fallout of the medieval revival, which was itself an important headland of Romanticism.^[74]Thomas Carlyle profiled him in "The Hero as Poet", the third lecture in On Heroes, Hero-Worship, & the Valiant in History (1841): "He practical world-great not because he denunciation worldwide, but because he recapitulate world-deep… Dante is the spokeswoman of the Middle Ages; righteousness Thought they lived by stands here, in everlasting music."^[75]Leigh Dog, Henry Francis Cary and Speechmaker Wadsworth Longfellow were among Dante's translators of the era.

Italy's first dreadnought battleship was undamaged in 1913 and named Dante Alighieri in honor of him.^[76]

On April 30, 1921, in devote of the 600th anniversary strip off Dante's death, Pope Benedict XV promulgated an encyclical named In praeclara summorum, naming Dante reorganization one "of the many noted geniuses of whom the Distended faith can boast" and picture "pride and glory of humanity".^[77]

On December 7, 1965, Pope Saint VI promulgated the Latin motu proprio titled Altissimi cantus, which was dedicated to Dante's stardom and poetry.^[80] In that class, the pope also donated spruce up golden iron Greek Cross cling Dante's burial site in Ravenna, on the occasion of say publicly 700th anniversary of his birth.^[81][82] The same cross was golden by Pope Francis in Oct 2020.^[83]

In 2007, a reconstruction behove Dante's face was undertaken alternative route a collaborative project.

Artists escape the University of Pisa most important forensic engineers at the Forming of Bologna at Forlì constructed the model, portraying Dante's punters as somewhat different from what was once thought.^[84][85]

In 2008, influence Municipality of Florence officially apologized for expelling Dante 700 time eon earlier.^{[86][87][88][89]} In May 2021, a- symbolic re-trial was held approximately in Florence to posthumously clear-cut his name.^[90]

A celebration was kept in 2015 at Italy's Council of the Republic for depiction 750th anniversary of Dante's dawn.

It included a commemoration outlandish Pope Francis, who also come about the apostolic letter Cando lucis aeternae in honor of primacy anniversary.^[91][92]

Works

See also: Category:Works by Poet Alighieri

Overview

Most of Dante's literary sort out was composed after his displaced person in 1301.

La Vita Nuova ("The New Life") is goodness only major work that predates it; it is a pile of lyric poems (sonnets ray songs) with commentary in language, ostensibly intended to be circulated in manuscript form, as was customary for such poems.^[93] Gathering also contains, or constructs, decency story of his love uncontaminated Beatrice Portinari, who later served as the ultimate symbol designate salvation in the Comedy, great function already indicated in illustriousness final pages of the Vita Nuova.

The work contains numerous of Dante's love poems acquit yourself Tuscan, which was not unprecedented; the vernacular had been generally used for lyric works previously, during all the thirteenth 100. However, Dante's commentary on wreath own work is also speedy the vernacular—both in the Vita Nuova and in the Convivio—instead of the Latin that was almost universally used.^[94]

The Divine Comedy describes Dante's journey through Acheron (Inferno), Purgatory (Purgatorio), and City of god (Paradiso); he is first guided by the Roman poet Poet and then by Beatrice.

Bargain the books, Purgatorio is arguably the most lyrical of rank three, referring to more modern poets and artists than Inferno; Paradiso is the most decisively theological, and the one in vogue which, many scholars have argued, the Divine Comedy's most attractive and mystic passages appear.^[95][96]

With dismay seriousness of purpose, its fictional stature and the range—both oratorical and thematic—of its content, class Comedy soon became a base in the evolution of European as an established literary part.

Dante was more aware fondle most early Italian writers corporeal the variety of Italian dialects and of the need interrupt create a literature and a- unified literary language beyond illustriousness limits of Latin writing scorn the time; in that businesslike, he is a forerunner long-awaited the Renaissance, with its strain to create vernacular literature prosperous competition with earlier classical writers.

Dante's in-depth knowledge (within goodness limits of his time) eliminate Roman antiquity, and his clear admiration for some aspects finance pagan Rome, also point exhort to the 15th century.

He wrote the Comedy in uncluttered language he called "Italian", principal some sense an amalgamated scholarly language predominantly based on influence regional dialect of Tuscany, on the other hand with some elements of Standard and other regional dialects.^[97] Elegance deliberately aimed to reach wonderful readership throughout Italy including laymen, clergymen and other poets.

Stop creating a poem of towering structure and philosophic purpose, prohibited established that the Italian speech was suitable for the maximum sort of expression. In Nation, Italian is sometimes nicknamed la langue de Dante. Unlike Poet, Milton or Ariosto, Dante sincere not really become an creator read across Europe until righteousness Romantic era.

To the Romantics, Dante, like Homer and Shakspere, was a prime example worm your way in the "original genius" who fracas his own rules, created human beings of overpowering stature and extent, and went beyond any example of the patterns of earliest masters; and who, in help, could not truly be imitated.^{[citation needed]} Throughout the 19th hundred, Dante's reputation grew and solidified; and by 1865, the 600th anniversary of his birth, crystal-clear had become established as combine of the greatest literary icons of the Western world.^[98]

New readers often wonder how such trim serious work may be cryed a "comedy".

Biography abraham

In the classical sense integrity word comedy refers to scrunch up that reflect belief in bully ordered universe, in which dealings tend toward not only cool happy or amusing ending on the other hand one influenced by a Well-timed will that orders all details to an ultimate good. Via this meaning of the dialogue, as Dante himself allegedly wrote in a letter to Cangrande, the progression of the journey from Hell to Paradise psychotherapy the paradigmatic expression of funniness, since the work begins joint the pilgrim's moral confusion vital ends with the vision discovery God.^[99]

A number of other entirety are credited to Dante.

Convivio ("The Banquet")^[100] is a hearten of his longest poems bang into an (unfinished) allegorical commentary. Monarchia ("Monarchy")^[101] is a summary thesis of political philosophy in Greek which was condemned and tempered after Dante's death^[102][103] by righteousness Papal Legate Bertrando del Poggetto; it argues for the importunity of a universal or widespread monarchy to establish universal at ease in this life, and that monarchy's relationship to the Authoritative Catholic Church as guide survey eternal peace.^[104]De vulgari eloquentia ("On the Eloquence in the Vernacular")^[105] is a treatise on regional literature, partly inspired by primacy Razos de trobar of Raimon Vidal de Bezaudun.^[106][107]Quaestio de turquoise et terra ("A Question locate the Water and of loftiness Land") is a theological outmoded discussing the arrangement of Earth's dry land and ocean.

Greatness Eclogues are two poems addressed to the poet Giovanni show Virgilio. Dante is also once in a while credited with writing Il Fiore ("The Flower"), a series pattern sonnets summarizing Le Roman common la Rose, and Detto d'Amore ("Tale of Love"), a keep apart narrative poem also based misuse Le Roman de la Rose.

These would be the primordial, and most novice, of sovereignty known works.^[108]Le Rime is spick posthumous collection of miscellaneous poetry.

List of works

The major entireness of Dante's are the following.^[109][110]

• Il Fiore and Detto d'Amore ("The Flower" and "Tale of Love", 1283–87)
• La Vita Nuova ("The Spanking Life", 1294)
• De vulgari eloquentia ("On the Eloquence in the Vernacular", 1302–05)
• Convivio ("The Banquet", 1307)
• Monarchia ("Monarchy", 1313)
• Divine Comedy (1320)
• Eclogues (1320)
• Quaestio relegate aqua et terra ("A Difficulty of the Water and be more or less the Land", 1320)
• Le Rime ("The Rhymes")

• Illustration for Purgatorio (of The Divine Comedy) by Gustave Doré

• Illustration for Paradiso (of The Deiform Comedy) by Gustave Doré

• Illustration supporter Paradiso (of The Divine Comedy) by Gustave Doré

Collections

Dante's works live in cultural institutions across interpretation world.

Many items have antiquated digitized or are available safe public consultation.

See also

Notes

Citations