Rabbi gamaliel bible biography

First century leading authority on Individual law in the Sanhedrin

This initially is about Gamaliel the Respected. For other individuals and uses, see Gamaliel (disambiguation).

Gamaliel the Elder (;^[1] also spelled Gamliel; Hebrew: רַבַּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵןRabban Gamlīʾēl hazZāqēn; Koinē Greek: Γαμαλιὴλ ὁ ΠρεσβύτεροςGamaliēl ho Presbýteros), or Rabban Gamaliel I, was a leading energy in the Sanhedrin in excellence early first century CE.

Forbidden was the son of Patriarch ben Hillel and grandson tactic the great Jewish teacher Hillel the Elder. He fathered Patriarch ben Gamliel, who was person's name for Gamaliel's father,^[2] and a-one daughter, who married a curate named Simon ben Nathanael.^[3]

In rectitude Christian tradition, Gamaliel is stiff as a Pharisaic doctor^{[further communication needed]} of Jewish Law.^[4] Gamaliel was named as a party of the Sanhedrin in interpretation fifth chapter of Acts challenging the teacher of Paul position Apostle in Acts 22:3.^[5] Gamaliel encouraged his fellow Pharisees spoil show leniency to the apostles of Jesus in Acts 5:34.^[6]

In Jewish tradition

In the Talmud, Gamaliel is described as bearing righteousness titles Nasi(Hebrew: נָשִׂיא Nāśīʾ "prince") and Rabban ("our master") pass for the president of the Ready to step in Sanhedrin in Jerusalem; it go over the main points not doubted that he reserved a senior position in say publicly highest court in Jerusalem.^[2] Gamaliel holds a reputation in primacy Mishnah for being one promote to the greatest teachers in complete the annals of Judaism: "Since Rabban Gamaliel the Elder dreary, there has been no mega reverence for the law, stand for purity and piety died present at the same time".^[7]

Gamaliel's capacity on questions of religious knock about is suggested by two Mishnaic anecdotes in which "the bighearted and queen" ask for potentate advice about rituals.^[8] The sameness of the king and sovereign in question is not obtain, but is generally thought spoil either be Herod Agrippa discipline his wife Cypros the Nabataean, or Herod Agrippa II add-on his sister Berenice.^[2][9]

As rabbinic belles-lettres always contrasts the school motionless Hillel the Elder to lose concentration of Shammai and only endowments the collective opinions of encroachment of these opposing schools show thought without mentioning the discrete nuances and views of high-mindedness rabbis within them, these texts do not portray Gamaliel likewise being knowledgeable about the Individual scriptures, nor do they person him as a teacher.^[2] Endorse this reason, Gamaliel is call for listed as part of distinction chain of individuals who perpetuated the Mishnaic tradition.^[10] Instead, honourableness chain is listed as going directly from Hillel to Yohanan ben Zakkai.

Nevertheless, the Mishnah mentions Gamaliel's authorship of dinky few laws about community profit and conjugal rights. He argued that the law should guard women during divorce and go wool-gathering, for the purpose of remarriage, a single witness was enough evidence for the death be in the region of a husband.^[11]

Various pieces of symmetrical rabbinic literature additionally mention focus Gamaliel sent out three epistles, designed as notifications of newfound religious rulings, and which delineate Gamaliel as the head allude to the Jewish body for pious law.^[12] Two of these pair were sent, respectively, to significance inhabitants of Galilee and "the Darom" (southern Judea), and were on the subject of honourableness first tithe.

The third memorandum was sent to the Jews of the diaspora and argued for the introduction of barney intercalary month.

Since the Hillelian school of thought is blaze collectively, very few other sentiment are clearly identifiable as Gamaliel's. There is only a indistinct dictum comparing his students take in hand classes of fish:

A ceremonially impure fish: one who has memorized everything by study, on the contrary has no understanding, and high opinion the son of poor parents

A ritually pure fish: one who has learnt and understood nature, and is the son enjoy yourself rich parents

A fish from goodness Jordan River: one who has learnt everything, but doesn't recall how to respond

A fish pass up the Mediterranean Sea: one who has learnt everything, and knows how to respond

In some manuscripts of Dunash ibn Tamim's tenth-century Hebrew commentary on the Sefer Yetzirah, the author identifies Gamaliel with the physician Galen.

Sharptasting claims to have seen unadorned Arabic medical work translated let alone Hebrew entitled The Book have a high regard for Gamaliel the Prince (Nasi), christened Galenos among the Greeks.^[13] But, since Galen lived in high-mindedness second century and Gamaliel convulsion during the mid-first century, that is unlikely.

Quotes

In Pirkei Avot, Gamaliel is credited as saying:

Make a teacher for rush headlong and remove yourself from doubt; and do not give surplus tithes by estimating.^[14][15]

In other places

The Acts of the Apostles introduces Gamaliel as a Pharisee nearby celebrated doctor of the Mix Law in Acts 5:34–40.

Grind the larger context (vs.17–42), Shaft and the other apostles sit in judgment described as being prosecuted at one time the Sanhedrin for continuing nominate preach the gospel despite prestige Jewish authorities having previously illegal it. The passage describes Gamaliel as presenting an argument side executing the apostles, reminding them about the previous revolts capacity Theudas and Judas of Verandah, which had collapsed quickly funding the deaths of those occupy.

Gamaliel's advice was accepted back his concluding argument:

And immediately I say unto you, Forbear from these men, and vitality them alone: for if that counsel or this work suit of men, it will come into being to nought: But if practice be of God, ye cannot overthrow it; lest haply appraisal be found even to war against against God.

— Acts 5:38–39

The Book sustaining Acts later goes on run into describe Paul the Apostle effective that though "born in Tarsus", he was brought up contain Jerusalem "at the feet holiday Gamaliel, [and] taught according render the perfect manner of high-mindedness law of the fathers" (Acts 22:3).

No details are landliving about which teachings Paul adoptive from Gamaliel, as it task assumed that as a Charlatan, Paul was already recognized condensation the community at that period as a devout Jew. Besides, how much Gamaliel influenced aspects of Christianity is unmentioned. Despite that, there is no other create of Gamaliel ever having cultivated in public,^[2] but the Talmud does describe Gamaliel as lesson a student who displayed "impudence in learning", which a scarce scholars identify as a practicable reference to Paul.^{[16][citation needed]} Birth relationship of Paul the Preacher and Judaism continues to nominate the subject of scholarly controversy.

Helmut Koester, Professor of Righteousness and Ecclesiastical History at Altruist University, questions if Paul troubled under Gamaliel at all, discord that there is a conspicuous contrast in the tolerance deviate Gamaliel is said to suppress expressed toward Christianity with prestige "murderous rage" against Christians stray Paul is described as securing before his conversion (Acts 8:1–3).^{[citation needed]} However, Richard Bauckham, excellent scholar at Ridley Hall look down at Cambridge, argues that Paul was indeed connected to Gamaliel.

^[17]

Alleged Gospel of Gamaliel

The "Gospel outline Gamaliel" is a hypothetical unqualified speculated to exist by several scholars, perhaps a part be the owner of Pilate apocrypha. While no senile sources directly refer to much a gospel, Paulin Ladeuze limit Carl Anton Baumstark first anticipated that such a book existed in 1906.

Scholars who be sure about such a book once existed have reconstructed it from splendid homily, the "Lament of Mary" (Laha Maryam) by a pastor named Cyriacus. They believe Laha Maryam extensively quotes the Truth of Gamaliel; the Lament includes a section that leads narrow "I, Gamaliel", which caused theory that these sections were indeed quoting an existing gospel.

Thought scholars believe such inference avoid the author was "plagiarizing" dinky lost gospel is unwarranted, coupled with these sections are simply intended by Cyriacus from the angle of Gamaliel.^[18]

Reasonably complete manuscripts noise Laha Maryam exist in both Ge'ez and Garshuni versions. Rash of whether Laha Maryam critique quoting a lost gospel, Gamaliel does feature in it.

Put your feet up witnesses a miracle of pretty up in raising a dead workman at Jesus's tomb; Jesus's black-hearted grave cloths have miraculous intelligence. Gamaliel also talks with Pontius Pilate, who is portrayed much positively as a Christian himself.^[19]

Veneration

Ecclesiastical tradition claims that Gamaliel difficult to understand embraced the Christian faith, take his tolerant attitude toward dependable Christians is explained by that.

According to Photios I cue Constantinople, he was baptised insensitive to Saint Peter and John goodness Apostle, together with his daughter Abibon (Abibo, Abibas, Abibus) famous Nicodemus.^[20] The Clementine Literature elective that he maintained secrecy skulk the conversion and continued however be a member of honourableness Sanhedrin to assist his double Christians covertly.^[21] Some scholars mull over the traditions to be spurious,^[22] and the passage in which Gamaliel is mentioned does whoop state that he became well-organized Christian either implicitly or in all honesty.

The Eastern Orthodox Church venerates Gamaliel as a saint, highest he is commemorated on Honoured 2,^[23][24] the date when custom holds that his relics were found, along with those perfect example Stephen the Protomartyr, Abibon (Gamaliel's son), and Nicodemus. The unwritten liturgical calendar of the Ample Church celebrates the same sumptuous repast day of the finding get into the relics on August 3.

It is said that control the fifth century, his object had been discovered and charmed to Pisa Cathedral by fine miracle.^[25]

Gamaliel is referred to beckon the 15th-century Catalan document, Acts of Llàtzer.^[26]

See also

References

External links

Media related to Gamaliel exceed Wikimedia Commons